Alfred North Whitehead's Process and Reality redefines existence as an interdependent flux of becoming, anchored in his "philosophy of organism" that replaces inert matter with actual entities—dynamic, experiential events achieving momentary unity through concrescence, a self-creative process integrating prehensions (relational feelings toward other entities). These entities navigate eternal objects ...

Alfred North Whitehead's Science and the Modern World critiques scientific materialism's reductionist worldview, arguing that 17th-century mechanistic frameworks (e.g., Newton’s "simple location" of matter) birthed the fallacy of misplaced concreteness—mistaking abstract models (like particles) for concrete reality. He proposes organic mechanism, blending mechanistic analysis with holistic prehension ...

Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell's Principia Mathematica ambitiously seeks to ground all mathematics in formal logic via the logicist thesis, constructing arithmetic from primitive propositions and logical types to resolve paradoxes like Russell’s own vicious circle principle, which bans self-referential sets (e.g., "the set of all sets"). The ramified theory of types stratifies propositions ...

Alfred North Whitehead's The Aims of Education and Other Essays reimagines pedagogy through his process philosophy, critiquing industrial-era "inert ideas"—dead knowledge memorized without contextual relevance—and advocating for the rhythm of education: a cyclical progression from the romance stage (intuitive curiosity) to precision (systematic mastery) and finally generalization (creative application)...

Alfred North Whitehead's An Introduction to Mathematics demystifies the discipline’s essence as the study of abstract generality—patterns and relations transcending concrete instances—through symbolic reasoning, where symbols encode relational structures rather than mere quantities. He frames mathematics as a hierarchy of logical consistency, progressing from arithmetic’s mathematical necessity ...

Alfred North Whitehead's Adventures of Ideas explores how rational ideals—like beauty, adventure, and peace—shape civilization through the rhythm of civilization, a triadic process where speculative ferment (creative chaos) yields to critical revision and culminates in new synthesis. He frames history as a clash between force and persuasion, with dynamic morality emerging when societies harmonize ...

Alfred North Whitehead's The Concept of Nature dismantles the Cartesian dualism of mind and matter by redefining nature as a unified eventful continuum, where events—temporal-spatial happenings like a thunderclap—are primary, and objects (e.g., trees, electrons) are recurrent patterns abstracted from events’ passage of nature. He critiques the bifurcation of nature—the false division between perceived ...

Alfred North Whitehead's Modes of Thought challenges rigid philosophical dualisms by positing reality as a fluid interplay of creative synthesis, where actual entities—dynamic, experiential units—interact via prehensions (non-cognitive "feelings" of relational data). He critiques the fallacy of vacuous actuality—treating abstractions (e.g., "matter") as self-sufficient—and emphasizes process as ...